動(dòng)力源：驅(qū)動(dòng)物料流動(dòng)的 “心臟”

Power source: the "heart" that drives the flow of materials

壓縮機(jī)、鼓風(fēng)機(jī)和真空泵是氣力輸送系統(tǒng)常見動(dòng)力源，負(fù)責(zé)為氣體流動(dòng)供能，推動(dòng)物料在管道中移動(dòng)。壓縮機(jī)輸出高壓氣體，適用于長(zhǎng)距離、大輸送量的場(chǎng)景，如水泥廠遠(yuǎn)距離輸送水泥；鼓風(fēng)機(jī)以較低壓力提供大流量空氣，常用于糧食加工廠輸送谷物；真空泵抽取空氣形成負(fù)壓，實(shí)現(xiàn)物料吸入式輸送，常見于垃圾處理廠收集垃圾顆粒。

Compressors, blowers, and vacuum pumps are common power sources in pneumatic conveying systems, responsible for providing energy for gas flow and pushing materials to move in pipelines. The compressor outputs high-pressure gas, suitable for long-distance and high-capacity transportation scenarios, such as long-distance transportation of cement in cement plants; Blowers provide high flow air at low pressure and are commonly used in grain processing plants to transport grains; A vacuum pump extracts air to form negative pressure, achieving material suction conveying, commonly used in garbage treatment plants to collect garbage particles.

供料裝置：物料進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)的 “入口”

Feeding device: the "entrance" for materials to enter the system

供料裝置將物料穩(wěn)定、準(zhǔn)確地送入輸送管道，并讓物料與氣體充分混合。旋轉(zhuǎn)閥應(yīng)用廣泛，通過(guò)旋轉(zhuǎn)葉片定量、連續(xù)供料，適用于顆粒和粉狀物料；螺旋給料機(jī)借助螺旋葉片推動(dòng)物料，可調(diào)節(jié)給料速度，適用于粘性物料；噴射式供料器利用高速氣流產(chǎn)生的負(fù)壓吸料，供料速度快、占地小，但壓力損失大，噴嘴易磨損。

The feeding device stably and accurately feeds the material into the conveying pipeline, and allows the material to mix thoroughly with the gas. Rotary valves are widely used for quantitative and continuous feeding of granular and powdery materials through rotating blades; The spiral feeder uses spiral blades to push materials and can adjust the feeding speed, suitable for viscous materials; The jet feeder uses negative pressure generated by high-speed airflow to suction materials, with fast feeding speed and small footprint, but with high pressure loss and nozzle wear.

輸送管道：物料運(yùn)輸?shù)?“通道”

Conveying pipeline: the "channel" for material transportation

輸送管道材質(zhì)、管徑和布置方式，對(duì)輸送效果影響顯著。輸送磨損性物料，常采用耐磨合金鋼管；食品和醫(yī)藥行業(yè)則用不銹鋼管道。管徑需依據(jù)輸送量、物料特性和氣流速度確定，管徑不當(dāng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致物料沉積或管道過(guò)度磨損。管道布置應(yīng)減少?gòu)濐^和變徑，合理設(shè)計(jì)走向和坡度，助力物料輸送。

The material, diameter, and layout of the conveying pipeline have a significant impact on the conveying effect. Wear resistant alloy steel pipes are commonly used for conveying abrasive materials; The food and pharmaceutical industries use stainless steel pipes. The pipe diameter should be determined based on the conveying capacity, material characteristics, and airflow velocity. Improper pipe diameter can lead to material deposition or excessive pipeline wear. The pipeline layout should reduce bends and diameter changes, design the direction and slope reasonably, and assist in material transportation.

氣固分離裝置：實(shí)現(xiàn)物料與氣體分離的 “關(guān)卡”

Gas solid separation device: the "checkpoint" for achieving material and gas separation

物料輸送至目的地后，氣固分離裝置負(fù)責(zé)分離物料與氣體，回收物料并凈化氣體。旋風(fēng)分離器靠離心力分離，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、分離效率較高，適用于較大顆粒物料；布袋除塵器通過(guò)過(guò)濾布袋除塵，效率超 99%，可捕集細(xì)微粉塵；重力沉降室利用重力使物料沉降，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本低，但分離效率相對(duì)較低 。

After the material is transported to the destination, the gas-solid separation device is responsible for separating the material from the gas, recovering the material, and purifying the gas. The cyclone separator relies on centrifugal force for separation, with a simple structure and high separation efficiency, suitable for larger particle materials; The bag filter uses a filtering bag to remove dust, with an efficiency of over 99%, and can capture fine dust; The gravity settling chamber utilizes gravity to settle materials, with a simple structure and low cost, but relatively low separation efficiency.

控制系統(tǒng)：保障系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的 “大腦”

Control system: the 'brain' that ensures stable operation of the system

控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控和控制氣力輸送系統(tǒng)各部件，確保系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定、高效運(yùn)行。傳感器收集系統(tǒng)內(nèi)壓力、流量、溫度等參數(shù)，傳輸給控制器?？刂破靼搭A(yù)設(shè)程序，對(duì)動(dòng)力源、供料裝置等設(shè)備進(jìn)行調(diào)控。系統(tǒng)壓力異?；蚬┝涎b置故障時(shí)，控制系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)或發(fā)出警報(bào)。此外，工作人員還能遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、操作。

The control system monitors and controls various components of the pneumatic conveying system in real-time to ensure stable and efficient operation of the system. Sensors collect parameters such as pressure, flow rate, and temperature within the system and transmit them to the controller. The controller regulates the power source, feeding device and other equipment according to the preset program. When the system pressure is abnormal or the feeding device malfunctions, the control system will automatically adjust or issue an alarm. In addition, the staff can also remotely monitor and operate.

輔助設(shè)備：提升系統(tǒng)性能的 “助力器”

Auxiliary equipment: a "booster" that enhances system performance

緩沖料倉(cāng)臨時(shí)儲(chǔ)存物料，調(diào)節(jié)供料節(jié)奏；料位計(jì)監(jiān)測(cè)料倉(cāng)物料高度，實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)供料和卸料。為防止管道堵塞、磨損，會(huì)安裝防堵裝置和耐磨襯里；為降低噪音，還會(huì)安裝消聲器。

Temporary storage of materials in buffer silos, adjusting the feeding rhythm; The level gauge monitors the height of the material in the silo, achieving automatic feeding and unloading. To prevent pipeline blockage and wear, anti blocking devices and wear-resistant liners will be installed; To reduce noise, a muffler will also be installed.

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